In program evaluation, for example, it is often necessary to employ a robust research design that will accurately and effectively measure program impact. Done properly, such a project would include a comparison group, or groups, utilized to measure against the group receiving the intervention (experimental group).
Ideally, a true control group would be used as the comparison group. In this scenario, participants are randomly selected to participate in the research and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. Budgetary constraints often make utilizing a true control group unfeasible. Ethical concerns may also prohibit the use of a control group. When this is the case, quasi-control groups can be used as an alternative to a true control group. With this type of study, a second group, one that does not receive the intervention, is used as a comparison group. In this scenario, random assignment is not utilized, but instead, a comparison group is chosen and matched to the experimental group based on variables such as key demographics like age, gender, race, socio-economic status or other measures (e.g., achievement scores/measures in education).
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